If the target creature is an illegal target as Persistent Constrictor's first ability tries to resolve, it won't resolve and none of its effects will happen. No player will lose life.
Persistent Constrictor
If a creature has +1/+1 counters and -1/-1 counters on it, state-based actions remove the same number of each so that it has only one kind of those counters on it. A creature's persist ability can bring it back again if its -1/-1 counters are removed this way.
If a creature with persist that has +1/+1 counters on it receives enough -1/-1 counters to cause it to be destroyed by lethal damage or put into its owner's graveyard for having 0 or less toughness, persist won't trigger and the card won't return to the battlefield. That's because persist checks the creature as it last existed on the battlefield, and it still had -1/-1 counters on it at that point.
Magic: The Gathering · ™ & © Wizards of the Coast · Illus. Steve Ellis
Card data via Scryfall. Rarix is fan-made; not endorsed by the rights holders.
